Submissions for variant NM_000249.4(MLH1):c.1852_1853delinsGC (p.Lys618Ala)

dbSNP: rs35502531

Total submissions: 26

Submitter	RCV	SCV	Clinical significance	Condition	Last evaluated	Review status	Method	Comment
International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT)	RCV000075382	SCV000106375	no known pathogenicity	Lynch syndrome	2013-09-05	reviewed by expert panel	research	Multifactorial likelihood analysis posterior probability <0.001
Ambry Genetics	RCV000130907	SCV000185816	benign	Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome	2021-12-16	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	This alteration is classified as benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity.
Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	RCV001080780	SCV000252646	benign	Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms	2024-02-01	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
Vantari Genetics	RCV000130907	SCV000267048	uncertain significance	Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome	2016-01-25	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	RCV000121363	SCV000601370	benign	not specified	2021-05-31	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	RCV000130907	SCV000684775	likely benign	Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome	2015-07-13	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
Center for Human Genetics, Inc, Center for Human Genetics, Inc	RCV000018620	SCV000781761	likely benign	Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 2	2016-11-01	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences	RCV000121363	SCV000805957	benign	not specified	2017-01-13	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
St. Jude Molecular Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital	RCV000075382	SCV001439179	benign	Lynch syndrome	2020-09-23	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center	RCV000018620	SCV001440472	uncertain significance	Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 2	2019-01-01	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
CHEO Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario	RCV001798010	SCV002042073	likely benign	Breast and/or ovarian cancer	2023-06-22	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago	RCV000121363	SCV002070700	likely benign	not specified	2021-11-29	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	RCV000034542	SCV002563757	benign	not provided	2024-02-01	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	MLH1: BS1, BS2
Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	RCV002504807	SCV002810758	likely benign	Mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1; Muir-Torré syndrome; Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 2	2021-11-10	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
KCCC/NGS Laboratory, Kuwait Cancer Control Center	RCV000018620	SCV004015880	benign	Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 2	2023-07-07	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Skane University Hospital Lund	RCV000121363	SCV005197408	benign	not specified	2022-05-27	criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing
OMIM	RCV000018620	SCV000038903	uncertain significance	Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 2	2010-08-01	no assertion criteria provided	literature only
Biesecker Lab/Clinical Genomics Section, National Institutes of Health	RCV000034542	SCV000043327	no known pathogenicity	not provided	2012-07-13	no assertion criteria provided	research	Converted during submission to Benign.
ITMI	RCV000121363	SCV000085544	not provided	not specified	2013-09-19	no assertion provided	reference population
Pathway Genomics	RCV000144600	SCV000189927	likely benign	Lynch syndrome 1	2014-07-24	no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing
Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo Clinic	RCV000121363	SCV000257068	uncertain significance	not specified		no assertion criteria provided	research
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System	RCV001353882	SCV000592423	likely benign	Carcinoma of colon		no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	The p.Lys618Ala variant has been previously reported in the literature. It has been identified in 48/8212 (Freq: 0.006) proband chromosomes from families with colorectal cancer and or other cancer types and in 29/6204 (Freq: 0.005) control chromosomes, increasing the likelihood that this is a polymorphism (Auclair_2006_16395668; Barnetson_2008_18033691; Belvederesi_2006_16724012; Bianchi_2007_17250665; Fearnhead_2004_15520370; Fidalgo_2000_10713887; Gille_2002_12373605; Hampel_2006_16885385; Hedge_2005_16237223; Hudler_2004_15099349; Papp_2007_17569143; Perera_2007_18205192; Pinol_2005_15855432; Rubio-Del-Campo_2007_18325052; Scott_2001_11112663; Steinke_2008_18301448; Syngal_1999_10422993; Ward_2002_12200596; Weber_1997_9288790; Wolf_200515926618; Wijnen_1997_9311737; Tannergard_1995_8521398). Contradictory evidence exists regarding the functional significance of this variant. In vitro studies have demonstrated that the p.Lys618Ala substitution results in an 85% reduction in efficiency of binding to PMS2 and that it was unable to reverse the mutator phenotype in an MLH1 deficient ovarian cancer cell line (Blasi_2006_16982745; Guerrette_1999_10037723). However, Perera et al (2007) demonstrated that the p.Lys618Ala variant did not appear to perturb the ability of MLH1 to heterodimerize with the PMS2 protein. Although, they also showed that the variant protein had a half-life that was significantly decreased compared to the wild-type protein (Perera_2007_18205192), suggesting that this variant may have some functional consequence. There is a significant evidence against the pathogenicity of this variant. Previous studies have identified p.Lys618Ala variant in patients with Microsatelite Stable colorectal carcinomas that expressed MLH1 (Farrington et al., 1998; Liu_1999_10598809; Mauillon et al., 1996; Muller-Koch_2001_11726306; Samowitz et al., 2001; Wolf_2005_15926618). Several studies report this variant in the presence of a second variant which was in some cases pathogenic. For example an out-of-frame splice mutation (a A>G at position –2 in intron 6 of the hMLH1-gene). The splice mutation caused skipping of exon 7 and was shared with a younger sibling who had three consecutive CRCs and gastric cancer, all associated with MSI (Liu_1999_10598809). In this case, the p.Lys618Ala variant did not co-segregate with disease (Tannergard_1995_8521398). Still in another study, the MSH2 protein product was demonstrated to be absent and the MLH1 protein product was present in one affected individual with this variant, increasing the likelihood that the p.Lys618Ala variant is not pathogenic (Pinol_2005_15855432). Steinke et al (2008_18301448) also identified this variant in the presence of a second variant in two individuals, one was a pathogenic stop codon (Syngal_1999_10422993). In summary, based on the above information, this variant is predicted to be benign. Although it is predicted benign we cannot rule out that it may contribute to or modify the clinical features observed in this individual.
True Health Diagnostics	RCV000130907	SCV000788018	likely benign	Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome	2018-01-03	no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing
Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center	RCV000034542	SCV001808046	likely benign	not provided		no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing
Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute	RCV000121363	SCV001906390	benign	not specified		no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing
Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center	RCV000121363	SCV001964011	benign	not specified		no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing